a solar water heating system integrated with a conventional heating system for household use.

The solar collector on the roof absorbs sunlight and transfers heat to a heat exchanger tank via a closed-loop system containing antifreeze liquid. The heated fluid circulates through coils inside the insulated storage tank, warming the cold water stored within. A backup boiler is included to provide additional heating when solar energy is insufficient, ensuring a continuous hot water supply. The system also includes expansion tanks to regulate pressure, pumps for circulation, and a pressure gauge (manometer) for monitoring system performance. Hot water is distributed to household appliances like sinks, bathtubs, and washing machines. This setup maximizes energy efficiency while reducing reliance on traditional heating sources.